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Mesoscale fabrication of a complex surface for integral impeller blades

Xibin WANG,Tianfeng ZHOU,Lijing XIE,Li JIAO,Zhibing LIU,Zhiqiang LIANG,Pei YAN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第1期   页码 116-131 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0426-1

摘要：

Integral impeller is the most important component of a mini-engine. However, the machining of a mesoscale impeller with a complex integral surface is difficult because of its compact size and high accuracy requirement. A mesoscale component is usually manufactured by milling. However, a conventional milling tool cannot meet the machining requirements because of its size and stiffness. For the fabrication of a complex integral impeller, a micro-ball-end mill is designed in accordance with the non-instantaneous-pole envelope principle and manufactured by grinding based on the profile model of the helical groove and the mathematical model of the cutting edge curve. Subsequently, fractal theory is applied to characterize the surface quality of the integral impeller. The fractal theory-based characterization shows that the completed mesoscale integral impeller exhibits a favorable performance in terms of mechanical properties and morphological accuracy.

关键词： mesoscale fabrication     micro-milling tool     mesoscale milling     impeller blade    

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Effect of adjusted mesoscale drag model on flue gas desulfurization in powder-particle spouted beds

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 909-920 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2100-8

摘要： An energy minimum multiscale model was adjusted to simulate the mesoscale structure of the flue gas desulfurization process in a powder-particle spouted bed and verified experimentally. The obtained results revealed that the spout morphology simulated by the adjusted mesoscale drag model was unstable and discontinuous bubbling spout unlike the stable continuous spout obtained using the Gidaspow model. In addition, more thorough gas radial mixing was achieved using the adjusted mesoscale drag model. The mass fraction of water in the gas mixture at the outlet determined by the heterogeneous drag model was 1.5 times higher than that obtained by the homogeneous drag model during the simulation of water vaporization. For the desulfurization reaction, the experimental desulfurization efficiency was 75.03%, while the desulfurization efficiencies obtained by the Gidaspow and adjusted mesoscale drag models were 47.63% and 75.08%, respectively, indicating much higher accuracy of the latter technique.

关键词： adjusted mesoscale drag model     particle image velocimetry     water vaporization     desulfurization reaction     numerical simulation    

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Development of a hydrodynamic model and the corresponding virtual software for dual-loop circulating fluidized beds

Shanwei Hu, Xinhua Liu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 579-590 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1953-6

摘要： Dual-loop circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactors have been widely applied in industry because of their good heat and mass transfer characteristics and continuous handling ability. However, the design of such reactors is notoriously difficult owing to the poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms, meaning it has been heavily based on empiricism and stepwise experiments. Modeling the gas-solid CFB system requires a quantitative description of the multiscale heterogeneity in the sub-reactors and the strong coupling between them. This article proposed a general method for modeling multi-loop CFB systems by utilizing the energy minimization multiscale (EMMS) principle. A full-loop modeling scheme was implemented by using the EMMS model and/or its extension models to compute the hydrodynamic parameters of the sub-reactors, to achieve the mass conservation and pressure balance in each circulation loop. Based on the modularization strategy, corresponding interactive simulation software was further developed to facilitate the flexible creation and fast modeling of a customized multi-loop CFB reactor. This research can be expected to provide quantitative references for the design and scale-up of gas-solid CFB reactors and lay a solid foundation for the realization of virtual process engineering.

关键词： multi-loop circulating fluidized bed     mathematical modeling     energy minimization multiscale     virtual fluidization     mesoscale structure    

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中尺度机器人群集设计创新：合作式城市传感和测绘场景下的应用 Special Feature on Intelligent Design

Audelia G. DHARMAWAN, Gim Song SOH, Shaohui FOONG, Roland BOUFFANAIS, Kristin L. WOOD

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第20卷 第12期 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900384

摘要： 由于中尺度机器人具有隐蔽性、便携性等特点，安全与监测领域的中尺度机器人研发越来越受到重视。为实现快速、节能、分布式、自适应、具有鲁棒性和可伸缩的系统，中尺度机器人设计和开发需大量硬件、控制和行为创新。本文从4方面详述其设计和开发过程：（1）嵌入式平台的系谱学；（2）关键系统架构和功能布局；（3）研发和实施中尺度机器人系统的设计原则；（4）为中尺度机器人族群有效集体运作而开发的各种关键算法，及在城市传感和测绘领域的应用。这需要我们对可靠运行的嵌入式硬件需求具有清晰认知，以及在磁感、室内定位、中央模式发生器控制和中尺度器人群体分布式自治方面作出关键创新。虽然在复杂机器人系统设计过程中不可避免采用一些临时方法，但本文主要关注成体系系统的设计过程以及组件设计集成。成体系系统的设计过程为该领域未来系统的开发提供了基础。本文所介绍的设计代表最新发展趋势，可作为其他应用的基准，并推广到其他领域。

关键词： 成体系系统设计；中尺度机器人；群集；城市传感    

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探索知识体系的逻辑与架构：多层次、多尺度及介尺度复杂性

李静海

《工程（英文）》 2016年 第2卷 第3期   页码 276-285 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.001

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Effect of catalyst layer mesoscopic pore-morphology on cold start process of PEM fuel cells

Ahmed Mohmed DAFALLA, Fangming JIANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 460-472 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0733-4

摘要： Water transport is of paramount importance to the cold start of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Analysis of water transport in cathode catalyst layer (CCL) during cold start reveals the distinct characteristics from the normal temperature operation. This work studies the effect of CCL mesoscopic pore-morphology on PEMFC cold start. The CCL mesoscale morphology is characterized by two tortuosity factors of the ionomer network and pore structure, respectively. The simulation results demonstrate that the mesoscale morphology of CCL has a significant influence on the performance of PEMFC cold start. It was found that cold-starting of a cell with a CCL of less tortuous mesoscale morphology can succeed, whereas starting up a cell with a CCL of more tortuous mesoscale morphology may fail. The CCL of less tortuous pore structure reduces the water back diffusion resistance from the CCL to proton exchange membrane (PEM), thus enhancing the water storage in PEM, while reducing the tortuosity in ionomer network of CCL is found to enhance the water transport in and the water removal from CCL. For the sake of better cold start performance, novel preparation methods, which can create catalyst layers of larger size primary pores and less tortuous pore structure and ionomer network, are desirable.

关键词： cold start     energy conversion     fuel cells     mesoscale morphology     tortuosity     water management    

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介尺度中的复杂性——人工智能发展中的共性挑战 Perspective

郭力, 邬俊, 李静海

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第5期   页码 924-929 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.08.005

摘要：

探索复杂系统背后的物理机制并加以有效利用，是处理各类复杂事物的普适性方法。大数据的兴起与计算能力的提升，加之优化算法的改进，触发了以深度学习为驱动的人工智能变革，并在多个应用领域取得了突破性进展。然而，深度学习难以揭示所解决问题的底层逻辑和物理内涵，进而阻碍了其进一步发展。介科学提出了理解复杂系统时空多尺度结构的原理和方法，已在多个领域见到成效。本文提出“基于介科学的人工智能”研究范式，将介科学原理和方法应用于深度学习模型设计，旨在弥补其模型脱离问题物理原型这一根本性问题，探索人工智能可持续发展的有效途径。

关键词： 人工智能，深度学习，介科学，介尺度，复杂系统    

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动态荷载作用下钢纤维混凝土细观模拟方法及应用综述 Review

张锦华, 吴彰钰, 余红发, 麻海燕, 达波

《工程（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期   页码 220-238 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.01.011

摘要：

近年来钢纤维混凝土（SFRC）因对动态和冲击荷载具有优异力学响应而备受关注。现有的试验结果表明，嵌入混凝土基体中的高强度钢纤维具有很强的桥接效应，可以增强纤维与基体之间的结合力，有助于改善SFRC 开裂后性能和残余强度。为了更好地了解钢纤维在基体中的行为表现，以及进一步掌握SFRC在动态荷载作用下的失效机理，细观模拟方法已被广泛用于模拟SFRC材料和结构件的动态响应。细观模拟方法假设SFRC 由不同的细观组分组成，包括钢纤维、粗骨料、砂浆基体和界面过渡区（ITZ）。本文全面综述了动态荷载下SFRC的最新细观模型和模拟过程，系统对比了不同数值模拟研究中SFRC细观模型的生成方法，包括钢纤维、粗骨料及其之间的ITZ。全面总结了不同细观组分的材料模型及纤维与混凝土基体间的相互作用关系。此外，列举了不同动态荷载（即压缩、拉伸和接触爆炸）作用下SFRC细观模拟应用实例。最后，重点分析了现有SFRC细观模拟方法存在的不足，对于SFRC的未来研究及发展具有重要意义。

关键词： 钢纤维混凝土     细观尺度建模     动态荷载     材料模型     界面特性    

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Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1419-1

摘要：

• Pore structure affects biologically activated carbon performance.

关键词： Granular activated carbon     Biologically activated carbon filter     Bacterial community structure     Pore structure    

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Hierarchical fractal structure of perfect single-layer graphene

T. Zhang, K. Ding

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第8卷 第4期   页码 371-382 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0279-1

摘要：

The atomic lattice structure of perfect single-layer graphene that can actually be regarded as a kind of hierarchical fractal structure from the perspective of fractal geometry was studied for the first time. Three novel and special discoveries on hierarchical fractal structure and sets were unveiled upon examination of the regular crystal lattices of the single-layer graphene. The interior fractal-type structure was discovered to be the fifth space-filling curve from physical realm. Two efficient methods for calculating the fractal dimension of this fresh member was also provided. The outer boundary curve had a fractal dimension equal to one, and a multi-fractal structure from a naturally existing material was found for the first time. A series of strict self-similar hexagons comprised a rotating fractal set. These hexagons slewed at a constant counterclockwise angle of 19.1° when observed from one level to the next higher level. From the perspective of fractal geometry, these pioneering discoveries added three new members to the existing regular fractal structures and sets. A fundamental example of a multi-fractal structure was also presented.

关键词： hierarchical fractal structure     fractal dimension     the fifth space-filling curve     multi-fractal structure    

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Floating forest: A novel breakwater-windbreak structure against wind and wave hazards

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1111-1127 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0757-1

摘要： A novel floating breakwater-windbreak structure (floating forest) has been designed for the protection of vulnerable coastal areas from extreme wind and wave loadings during storm conditions. The modular arch-shaped concrete structure is positioned perpendicularly to the direction of the prevailing wave and wind. The structure below the water surface acts as a porous breakwater with wave scattering capability. An array of tubular columns on the sloping deck of the breakwater act as an artificial forest-type windbreak. A feasibility study involving hydrodynamic and aerodynamic analyses has been performed, focusing on its capability in reducing wave heights and wind speeds in the lee side. The study shows that the proposed 1 km long floating forest is able to shelter a lee area that stretches up to 600 m, with 40%–60% wave energy reduction and 10%–80% peak wind speed reduction.

关键词： floating structure     breakwater     windbreak     hydrodynamic     CFD    

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Bicontinuous porous membranes with micro-nano composite structure using a facile atomization-assisted

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第8期   页码 1268-1280 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2143-5

摘要： The micro-nano composite structure can endow separation membranes with special surface properties, but it often has the problems of inefficient preparation process and poor structural stability. In this work, a novel atomization-assisted nonsolvent induced phase separation method, which is also highly efficient and very simple, has been developed. By using this method, a bicontinuous porous microfiltration membrane with robust micro-nano composite structure was obtained via commercially available polymers of polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The formation mechanism of the micro-nano composite structure was proposed. The microphase separation of polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylpyrrolidone components during the atomization pretreatment process and the hydrogen bonding between polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylpyrrolidone molecules should have resulted in the nano-protrusions on the membrane skeleton. The membrane exhibits superhydrophilicity in air and superoleophobicity underwater. The membrane can separate both surfactant-free and surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions with high separation efficiency and permeation flux. With excellent antifouling property and robust microstructure, the membrane can easily be recycled for long-term separation. Furthermore, the scale-up verification from laboratory preparation to continuous production has been achieved. The simple, efficient, cost-effective preparation method and excellent membrane properties indicate the great potential of the developed membranes in practical applications.

关键词： atomization     nonsolvent induced phase separation     bicontinuous porous structure     micro-nano composite structure     oil-water separation    

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Smart optical-fiber structure monitoring based on granular computing

Guan LU, Dakai LIANG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第4卷 第4期   页码 462-465 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0073-2

摘要： Using an optic fiber self-diagnosing system in health monitoring has become an important direction of smart materials and structure research. The buried optic fiber sensor can be used to test the parameters of the composite material. The granular computing method can reach the requirement of damage detection by analyzing digital signals and character signals of the smart structure at the same time. The paper investigates an optic fiber smart layer and presents a method for realizing optic fiber smart structure monitoring and damage detection by using granular computing. After the analysis, it is presumed that optic fiber smart structure monitoring based on granular computation can identify the damage from complex signals.

关键词： smart material and structure     GrC     optical fiber sensor     rough set     clustering algorithm    

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Automated classification of civil structure defects based on convolutional neural network

Pierclaudio SAVINO, Francesco TONDOLO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 305-317 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0725-9

摘要： Today, the most commonly used civil infrastructure inspection method is based on a visual assessment conducted by certified inspectors following prescribed protocols. However, the increase in aggressive environmental and load conditions, coupled with the achievement of many structures of the life-cycle end, has highlighted the need to automate damage identification and satisfy the number of structures that need to be inspected. To overcome this challenge, this paper presents a method for automating concrete damage classification using a deep convolutional neural network. The convolutional neural network was designed after an experimental investigation of a wide number of pretrained networks, applying the transfer-learning technique. Training and validation were conducted using a database built with 1352 images balanced between “undamaged”, “cracked”, and “delaminated” concrete surfaces. To increase the network robustness compared to images in real-world situations, different image configurations have been collected from the Internet and on-field bridge inspections. The GoogLeNet model, with the highest validation accuracy of approximately 94%, was selected as the most suitable network for concrete damage classification. The results confirm that the proposed model can correctly classify images from real concrete surfaces of bridges, tunnels, and pavement, resulting in an effective alternative to the current visual inspection techniques.

关键词： concrete structure     infrastructures     visual inspection     convolutional neural network     artificial intelligence    

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Catalyst particle shapes and pore structure engineering for hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 897-908 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2127-x

摘要： Catalyst particle shapes and pore structure engineering are crucial for alleviating internal diffusion limitations in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS)/hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of gas oil. The effects of catalyst particle shapes (sphere, cylinder, trilobe, and tetralobe) and pore structures (pore diameter and porosity) on HDS/HDN performance at the particle scale are investigated via mathematical modeling. The relationship between particle shape and effectiveness factor is first established, and the specific surface areas of different catalyst particles show a positive correlation with the average HDS/HDN reaction rates. The catalyst particle shapes primarily alter the average HDS/HDN reaction rate to adjust the HDS/HDN effectiveness factor. An optimal average HDS/HDN reaction rate exists as the catalyst pore diameter and porosity increase, and this optimum value indicates a tradeoff between diffusion and reaction. In contrast to catalyst particle shapes, the catalyst pore diameter and the porosity of catalyst particles primarily alter the surface HDS/HDN reaction rate to adjust the HDS/HDN effectiveness factor. This study provides insights into the engineering of catalyst particle shapes and pore structures for improving HDS/HDN catalyst particle efficiency.

关键词： hydrodesulfurization     hydrodenitrogenation     particle shape     pore structure    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Mesoscale fabrication of a complex surface for integral impeller blades

Xibin WANG,Tianfeng ZHOU,Lijing XIE,Li JIAO,Zhibing LIU,Zhiqiang LIANG,Pei YAN

期刊论文

Effect of adjusted mesoscale drag model on flue gas desulfurization in powder-particle spouted beds

期刊论文

Development of a hydrodynamic model and the corresponding virtual software for dual-loop circulating fluidized beds

Shanwei Hu, Xinhua Liu

期刊论文

中尺度机器人群集设计创新：合作式城市传感和测绘场景下的应用

Audelia G. DHARMAWAN, Gim Song SOH, Shaohui FOONG, Roland BOUFFANAIS, Kristin L. WOOD

期刊论文

探索知识体系的逻辑与架构：多层次、多尺度及介尺度复杂性

李静海

期刊论文

Effect of catalyst layer mesoscopic pore-morphology on cold start process of PEM fuel cells

Ahmed Mohmed DAFALLA, Fangming JIANG

期刊论文

介尺度中的复杂性——人工智能发展中的共性挑战

郭力, 邬俊, 李静海

期刊论文

动态荷载作用下钢纤维混凝土细观模拟方法及应用综述

张锦华, 吴彰钰, 余红发, 麻海燕, 达波

期刊论文

Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

期刊论文

Hierarchical fractal structure of perfect single-layer graphene

T. Zhang, K. Ding

期刊论文

Floating forest: A novel breakwater-windbreak structure against wind and wave hazards

期刊论文

Bicontinuous porous membranes with micro-nano composite structure using a facile atomization-assisted

期刊论文

Smart optical-fiber structure monitoring based on granular computing

Guan LU, Dakai LIANG,

期刊论文

Automated classification of civil structure defects based on convolutional neural network

Pierclaudio SAVINO, Francesco TONDOLO

期刊论文

Catalyst particle shapes and pore structure engineering for hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation

期刊论文